Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants. Specifically, it's found in the leaves of Nicotiana rustica. In concentrations of about 14%, in the tobacco plant. Nicotine constitutes approximately 3% of the dry weight of tobacco. And is highly addictive. And The nicotine content of popular American-brand cigarettes, has increased over time. One study found that there was an average increase of 1.8% per year, between the years of 1998 and 2005. In its liquid form, nicotine can be absorbed through the skin, enter the bloodstream, and cause death within hours. Only 60 mg of nicotine, can be a lethal dosage for adult humans. Although nicotine has a high toxicity in comparison to many other alkaloids, such as caffeine, it is regarded only as a potentially lethal poison. Because serious or fatal overdoses are rare. Historically, most cases of nicotine poisoning, have been the result of use of nicotine as an insecticide.
#4 VX
VX, short for "venomous agent X, is an extremely toxic chemical. It belongs in the organophosphorus class. specifically, a thiophosphonate. In its pure form, VX is an oily, non-volatile, liquid that is amber-like in color. Because it doesn't evaporate easily at normal temperatures, VX persists in environments where it is dispersed. It was first discovered at Porton Down in England, during the early 1950s. And in the class of nerve agents, it was developed for military use in chemical warfare. But As a chemical weapon, it is categorized as a weapon of mass destruction, and is banned by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. The fatal dose for an adult human, is reported to be as little as 10mg. Because of it's low volatility, the most common way of exposure to VX, is through skin contact. Symptoms include: sweating and muscular twitching at the area of exposure, followed by nausea or vomiting. And in the rare caes of exposure to VX vapor, . Early symptoms include: a runny nose, and tightness in the chest, with shortness of breath. Victims exposed to VX, wil die within minutes.
#3 Batrachotoxin
Batrachotoxin, is an extremely potent cardiotoxic and neurotoxic chemical, found in certain species of frogs, melyrid beetles, and birds. It was named by scientists John Daly and Bernhard Witkop. Who separated the potent toxic alkaloids fraction, to determine its chemical properties. Batrachotoxin was derived from the Greek word, batrachos, which means frog. The poison dart frog, does not produce batrachotoxin itself. It is believed it gets the poison from eating beetles or other insects. And reasearch on Batrachotoxin is very limited, The Biggest research where 10,000 frogs were raised in captivity, yielded only 180 mg of batrachotoxin. But experiments with rodents, revealed that only 2 micrograms are lethal to mice. And Currently, no effective antidote exists for the treatment of batrachotoxin poisoning.
#2 Chlorine Trifluoride
Chlorine trifluoride is a poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas. When it condenses into a liquid, which is the form most often sold, it gets a pale-greenish yellow color. It is primarily used as a component in rocket fuels. But it's one of the most dangerous chemicals to deal with. It was discovered in the 1930s and it reacts easily with just about any substance on earth. When it comes in contact with water, it reacts explosively with it and releases dangerous byproduct gases such as hydrofluoric acid. Chlorine trifluoride is a chemical that will burn things which don't ignite with oxygen. It will even set fire on things that are already burned up, like ash. It can even ignite sand, or asbestos, which is a highly fire-retardant material. Chlorine Trifluoride was too much to deal with even for the nazis. They called it Substance N. They wanted to weaponize it as an Incendiary device and poison gas. Fortunately, Chlorine Trifluoride was never used in the war. The nazis abandoned the research and mass production because the substance was too dangerous.
#1 Botulinum Toxin
Botulinum Toxin, also known as Botox, is the most toxic substance found in nature. Botulinum Toxin, is a neurotoxic protein, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, from axon endings, which causes flaccid paralysis. The deadliest chemical in the world, is also used in cosmetics. In extremely small doses, botulinum toxin is considered safe and effective for reduction of facial wrinkles. Injection of botulinum toxin into the muscles under facial wrinkles, causes relaxation of those muscles, resulting in the smoothing of the skin. patients who had cosmetic injections around the face reported relief from chronic headache. This was initially thought to be an indirect effect of reduced muscle tension, but it is now known that the toxin inhibits release of peripheral neurotransmitters, suppressing the central pain processing systems responsible for migraine headache. But don't let it's benefits fool you, Botulinum Toxin, remains the most acutely lethal toxin known. Only 130 nano grams of Botulinum toxin can kill an adult human. To put that into perspective, a dose of roughly 1kg of Botulinum toxin , could potentially kill everyone on the planet.
#5. Dark Matter & Dark Energy Originally known as the “missing mass problem”, dark matter’s existence was first inferred by Swiss American astronomer Fritz Zwicky, who in 1933 discovered that the mass of all the stars in the Coma cluster of galaxies provided only about 1 percent of the mass needed to keep the galaxies from escaping the cluster’s gravitational pull. But the name "Dark Matter" is very misleading. Because it implies we know it is matter of some kind. But we have no idea what this thing is. A more fitting name would be, dark gravity, because we can detect the gravitational effects of this thing, but we don't know what it is. While dark energy, is an unknown form of energy, which is hypothesized to permeate all of space. Dark energy, is a theoretical repulsive force that counteracts gravity and causes the universe to expand at an accelerating rate. Together, dark matter & dark energy make up 95% of the total mass-energy of the u
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